#OBD Codes
P0016 – Crankshaft & camshaft misalignment (bank 1 sensor “A”)
Technical definition
Crankshaft position-camshaft position correlation bank 1 sensor A
What does P0016 mean?
The P0016 is a generic powertrain code indicating that your engine's crankshaft and camshaft are out of sync. Specifically, sensor "A" monitors the timing of the intake camshaft. For your engine to run efficiently, the camshaft and crankshaft must work in perfect harmony.
If this timing is off, it can lead to poor performance, engine damage, or even complete failure.
Read more: What is camshaft?
In engine configurations, such as V-shaped, W-shaped, or flat, the cylinders are grouped into banks. Bank 1 refers to the side of the engine containing the first cylinder. While the location of the first cylinder depends on the engine’s design and manufacturer, it’s typically closest to the front of the engine near the drive belt.
V-shaped engine banks. Source: densoautoparts.com
The P0016 diagnostic trouble code often indicates problems with a stretched timing chain/belt or a faulty cam sensor. It can also indicate problems with the variable valve timing (VVT) system, which optimizes engine performance by adjusting when the valves open and close.
Why does the camshaft position timing matter?
Most internal combustion engines operate using a four-stroke cycle:
- Intake – The intake valve opens, allowing the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder
- Compression – The valve closes, and the piston compresses the mixture
- Power – The spark plug ignites the mixture, generating power
- Exhaust – The exhaust valve opens, expelling burned gases
The image below shows what each of these strokes looks like from the inside. Here, you can see how the camshafts control the valves while the crankshaft moves the piston:
Four-stroke engine cycles. Source: amsoil.com
When the camshaft and crankshaft fall out of sync, the valves open and close at the wrong times, disrupting fuel delivery, air intake, exhaust flow, and spark timing.
How serious is P0016?
A P0016 code combined with a check engine light can signal a serious issue that needs immediate attention. It often points to a stretched timing chain, worn belt, or failing tensioner.
Catch it early, and you're looking at a quick, inexpensive fix. Wait too long, and you could be in serious trouble – especially in most modern cars with interference engines.
In these engines, pistons and valves share the same space, just at different times. So, if the timing is way off, or worse, if a stretched timing chain or belt snaps, the valves and pistons will collide and destroy your engine in seconds.
So, diagnosing a root cause in time is crucial, as this will save you thousands on repairs and keep you from getting stranded.
Pro tip: A reliable diagnostic scanner can help you catch issues like P0016 early and save money by identifying the problem before you visit a mechanic. Learn more about what a code reader is here.
Can I still drive with P0016?
Technically, yes, but it's not recommended. Driving with the P0016 code can cause poor engine performance, reduced acceleration, rough idling, and worse fuel efficiency. These issues make driving unpleasant and unsafe, particularly when merging onto highways or navigating heavy traffic.
This code can also trigger limp mode, a safety feature that limits engine performance to prevent further damage. While it helps you reach a repair shop, you shouldn’t rely on it for long drives or daily use.
Common symptoms of P0016
Watch for these warning signs:
- Check engine light
- Increased fuel consumption
- Rough idle
- Engine stalling
- Reduced engine power
- Engine cranks up but doesn't start
- Limp mode
- Misfire
Common causes of P0016
Code P0016 appears due to:
- Incorrect camshaft position after the service
- Slipped timing belt
- Worn timing chain/belt or tensioner
- A failing camshaft variable timing solenoid
- Faulty intake camshaft position sensor
- Faulty crankshaft position sensor
- Low or poor-quality engine oil
- Wiring issues
- Faulty crankshaft harmonic balancer
- The oil flow to and from the camshaft-phasers is restrictive
- Issues with powertrain control module or engine control module
How to troubleshoot P0016
Use these tips to diagnose and fix the P0016 error code accurately:
Clear the codes and test drive
First, use your scan tool to clear the P0016 fault code from your car.
- If the fault code immediately reappears: This indicates the issue is ongoing. Skip the test drive and continue troubleshooting other potential causes.
- If the codes clear successfully: Drive your car for approximately 15 minutes to allow the engine to fully warm up and observe how it behaves. After some time, repeat this process once again, as the trouble code will only return if the system detects the problem during two consecutive drive cycles.
After the second test drive, perform another scan to see if the code reappears. If it does, this confirms the problem persists and requires further investigation.
Pro tip: During the scan, pay attention to other trouble codes, which may help you identify the culprit. For example, P0335 indicates a crankshaft sensor malfunction.
Change engine oil
A low engine oil level or contamination is a primary cause of the P0011 code. Since changing the engine oil is quite simple, it's the best place to start before looking into bigger repairs.
Here's how to do that:
- Remove used oil: Place a drain pan under the oil plug, unscrew it, and let the old oil drain completely.
- Replace oil filter: Unscrew the old filter, apply a little oil to the new filter’s seal, and screw it in snugly.
- Add new oil: Pour oil into the engine through the oil filler cap. Use only engine oil specified by your car manufacturer.
- Check oil level: Use the dipstick to confirm the oil is at the correct level. It should be near the top mark but not higher.
- Recycle used oil: Take the old oil and filter to a recycling center or auto parts store.
- Start your engine and check: Start the engine, look for leaks, and confirm that the oil level is still at the correct level.
Inspect and replace the camshaft/crankshaft position sensor
A faulty camshaft or crankshaft position sensor can also trigger P0016. Follow these steps to inspect and replace them if needed:
- Locate the sensors: Refer to your vehicle’s service manual to find the camshaft and crankshaft position sensors. The crankshaft sensor is typically mounted at the bottom of the engine block, near the flywheel, while the camshaft sensor is in the cylinder head.
- Inspect for damage: Check the sensors and their wiring harness for visible wear, corrosion, or disconnections.
- Test the sensors: Use a multimeter to check the sensor’s voltage and resistance per manufacturer specifications.
- Replace if faulty: If a sensor is defective, remove the retaining bolt, disconnect the wiring, and swap in a new sensor. Ensure it’s properly secured and reconnect the wiring.
How much does it cost to fix the P0016 code?
Replacing the cam and crank sensors is one of the most common repairs for the P0016 code. Replacing a cam and crank sensor usually costs about $200 with labor. If you are going to do the replacement yourself, the price range for the sensor is about $15-$150.
For more serious issues, like engine chain replacement, expect to pay $1000 or more. Keep in mind that all costs might be even higher for luxury models.
Disclaimer: Advice, how-to guides, and car care tips on our blog are intended as helpful resources for general maintenance and repairs. While we strive for accuracy, the information is provided to the best of our knowledge and should be used at your own discretion and risk.
Always refer to your vehicle's owner's manual or consult a certified mechanic for specific repair details and safety procedures.
Always refer to your vehicle's owner's manual or consult a certified mechanic for specific repair details and safety procedures.
